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Liu et al. Cell Biosci (2016) 6:24 DOI 10.1186/s13578-016-0091-Cell BioscienceOpen AccessRESEARCHSOSTDC1 is down-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer and contributes to cancer cell proliferationLei Liu1,2, Shanshan Wu1,2, Yi Yang1,3, Junchao Cai1,2, Xun Zhu1,2, Jueheng Wu1,2, Mengfeng Li1,2 and Hongyu Guan4*Abstract Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed and fatal cancer worldwide. Sclerostin domain containing protein 1 (SOSTDC1) has been found to be tumor-suppressive in several types of cancers. However, the expression level and biological functions of SOSTDC1 in NSCLC remain unknown. Our current study aimed to identify the biological significance of SOSTDC1 in NSCLC. Results: We found that SOSTDC1 was significantly down-regulated in NSCLC. Moreover, patients with higher expression of SOSTDC1 had a significant PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27465830 better prognosis than those with lower SOSTDC1 expression. Ectopic expression of SOSTDC1 in NSCLC cell lines A549 and NCI-H520 could inhibit proliferation as shown by MTT, colony formation, soft agar and EdU incorporation assays in vitro. Furthermore, A549 cells stably expressing ectopic SOSTDC1 grew more slowly and formed smaller tumors than vector-control cells in vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that SOSTDC1 over-expression led to increased p21Cip and p27Kip levels, thereby decreasing Rb phosphorylation status and E2F transcription activity. Conclusions: SOSTDC1 is down-regulated in NSCLC, and its expression level is indicati.