Framework to explore beliefs that weren’t spontaneously covered in participants’ initial narrative. The guide addressed tobacco use patterns, motives for tobacco use, influence of prescribed drugs on tobacco use, and also the role and use of more psychotropic MedChemExpress SAR405 substances. Also, we allowed themes and motives identified during the very first interviews of this qualitative study to be explored within the ones that followed, combining the principles of maximum variation and complexity reduction in an effort to simultaneously widen the scope of outcomes and examine earlier assumptions [58]. All interviews were conducted by the identical researcher in Swiss German (an Alemannic dialect spoken within the “German-speaking” components of Switzerland). They were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim into Standard-German, due to the fact Swiss German isn’t a “written language” by AF. Transcripts had been compared with recordings by the study team and validated with sufferers if vital. Content material analysis was carried out in German. Interpretation of findings and translation of selected quotes from German to English was carried out by ML. Translation errors (grammatical) were discussed in between ML and CF, and corrected by CF. Subjects did not receive compensation for their participation. All researchers had received education either as psychologists (AF) or as psychiatrists (ML, CF, AB, DE) and had previous analysis experience with qualitative solutions.AnalysisFor each participant, the clinic’s complete chart was accessible, including biographical and psychiatric history, diagnoses in accordance with the 10th revision of the International Classification of Ailments (ICD-10), as well as a detailed history of recent and lifetime substance-use patterns. Nicotine dependence among participants was additional assessed using the 6-item Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) [56].Mayring’s qualitative content analysis method was utilized to evaluate findings. This framework constitutes 
a controlled approach for empirical and methodological qualitative analysis of texts inside their context of communication, following content analytical guidelines and step-by-step models, without the need of rash quantification [59]. In other words, we allowed the information to “speak for themselves,” as opposed to approaching it with existing presumptions. Interview information were coded employing an inductive qualitative procedure [60]. The resulting categories were discussed by the research group to validate ratings and accomplish consensus. AF applied the final code, and consistency was confirmed by way of blind dual coding of transcripts with ML. If there was disagreement, researchers met toLiebrenz et al. BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14:141 http:www.biomedcentral.com1471-244X14Page 4 ofdiscuss and reconcile the coding. This didn’t come to be important until the late stages of revising the submitted manuscript and can be PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21324894 traced making use of the pre-publication history of this short article on biomedcentral.com. Participant recruitment continued till we reached saturation of the data–i. e., there were no new themes emerging and we had tested all the categories for disconfirming variations. MAXqda computer software was made use of for text management and interpretation [61]. The study was authorized by the ethics committee from the canton of Zurich and all participants offered their written informed consent for it and the recorded interviews. The subject guide is presented in Table 1.In our evaluation in the interview information, we identified two major themes linking ADHD and tobacco use: smoki.