T the control group: interest, motor
T the control group: attention, motor abilities and academic and classroom behavior Unchanged: activity orientation, emotional behavior and oppositional behavior C: Post vs. pre: Improved in exercise and not in behavior education group: executive functions (e.g. flexibility); cognitive function and speed (TMT-B; Digit Symbol in the Korean Educational Development Institute-WISC) [ES: Cohen’s d = 0.18.49] B/SE: Post vs. pre: Improved in exercise and not in behavior education group: focus and social competencies (cooperativeness) Unchanged: hyperactivity; PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20100031 assertiveness; selfcontrol (ADHD Rating Scale; Social Skills Rating Technique). [ES: Cohen’s d = -0.27 to 0.22]. Recommended mechanism: CA/DA/NE increases within the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and basal ganglia Information on medication intake not reported Pre and post 116 MPH (n = 28; dose one hundred mg/day; no abstinence) 7 Moderate to vigorous physical physical exercise (e.g., biking, skateboarding; 30-60 min. daily) No manage situation. Time period: 7 days Physical exercise group: aerobic, muscular and motor abilities exercises (40 min. in first four weeks and 50 min. in final six weeks; 3 days per week) Handle group: no physical workout. Time period: ten weeks Time period: 10 weeks Workout group: combination of running, goal- directed throwing, rope jumping and rest (90 min.; 2 days per week) Behavior education group: 12 education sessions on social behavior Time period: 6 weeks Baseline and post (just after six weeks)Authors (year)Group (n M:F)Gapin and Etnier (2010)ADHD diagnosis (diagnosed by health-related experienced; n = 18; 18M:0F) No handle groupAhmed and Mohamed (2011)ADHD diagnosis (recruited from TAPI-2 site special wants school; n = 84; 54M:30F), randomly and equally assigned to: Physical exercising group (n = 42; 27M:15F) Non-exercise handle group n = 42; 27M:15F)Kang et al. (2011)ADHD diagnosis (diagnosis instrument not specified; n = 28; 28M:0F), randomly assigned to Exercise group (n = 15; 15M:0F) Behavior education group (n = 13; 13M:0F) (n = 13; 13M:0F)A. E. Den Heijer et al.Table 1 continuedMedication use in ADHD group (n dose; abstinence) Outcomes (measures) [ES when reported] Age range (years) Intervention type (duration) Time of measurements relative to workout Pre, post (inside two weeks following the intervention) and stick to up (1 year after completion from the study)Authors (year)Group (n M:F)Lufi and Parish-Plass (2011) 83 Combined intervention of sports and behavioral techniques. The workout intervention was comprised of vigorous physical workout in person sport for example relay races (30 min., weekly) and vigorous physical workout in team sports like soccer (40 min., weekly) No manage situation Time period: 1 academic yearADHD diagnosis (DSM-IVTR; n = 15; 15M:0F) Other behavioral and emotional difficulties (n = 17; 17M:0F)Stimulant medication naive None from the participants employed medication in the course of the time on the studySweat it out The effects of physical physical exercise on cognition and behavior in young children and…Verret et al. (2012) Stimulant medication (n = 3 in physical exercise situation and n = 11 in handle condition; information regarding variety and dose not reported; no abstinence)ADHD diagnosis (DSM-IV; n = 21; 19M:2F) Physical workout group (n = ten; 9M:1F; recruited in the very same college) Manage group (n = 11; 10M:1F; recruited from different places)7Exercise group: aerobic, muscular and motor skills exercises, cool down afterwards (45 min.; three days a week) Manage group: no physical physical exercise. Time period: 10 weeksPre a.