Eptable and practical method of meta-analysis alternative for IPD. The third, the wild type KRAS population is a subgroup of ITT population, suggesting possible selection bias. In addition, the possible existence of some unpublished studies should be aware of, which could lead to potential publication bias. However, no indication of such bias was found by using statistical methods designed to detect it. In general, regarding these limitations mentioned above, we should interpret the results with adequate caution. In conclusion, this meta-analysis shows that the addition of cetuximab or panitumumab to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of mCRC in patients with wild type KRAS appears no improved efficacy in survival benefit. Much more prospective clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the combination of drugs.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: DX SZ. Analyzed the data: SZ QY YZ. Wrote the paper: SZ YH. Performed the search of data: YW ZJ. Performed the selection of data: SZ YH DX.AntiEGFR MAbs and Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Cancer
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have now spread through poultry populations in many countries. These viruses have also crossed species barriers to infect different hosts [1?]. HPAI H5N1 viruses have repeatedly shown their potential to be transmitted directly from birds to humans [5] and still pose a significant threat to human health. In retrospect, most patients infected by HPAI H5N1 viruses had direct or indirect exposure to sick or dead poultry (WHO [http://www.who.int]). Influenza A virus continuously mutates while circulating in nature and overcomes host immunity from previous infections, posing great challenges to disease control [6?1]. Vietnam is one of the highest frequencies of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks. HPAI H5N1 virus was first identified in Vietnam in 2001 [12], and Terlipressin price Apocynin cost outbreaks in poultry have been reported in more than 59 of the 64 Vietnamese provinces since December of 2003 (OIE, 2010). The first human infection in Vietnam was reported in 2004; by August of 2012, 123 cases and 61 deaths had been reported (WHO [http://www.who.int]). Nationwide vaccination programs and culling strategies have been performed to control the disease, which has greatly contributed to a reduction in outbreaks. But despite these great efforts to control the disease, HPAI H5N1 viruses continue to evolve and cause outbreaks in poultry and human infections in Vietnam.To better understand the molecular and biological properties of H5N1 avian influenza viruses, we selected 15 H5N1 strains isolated from poultry in Vietnam during 2006 and 2007 and sequenced their entire genomes. We performed phylogenetic analyses combining with the sequence data from the Vietnam influenza viruses and other representative viruses available in public databases, and then genotyped the viruses on the basis of their whole genomes. We also assessed the replication and pathogenicity of these viruses in mice. Understanding the molecular and biological features of avian H5N1 viruses will help reveal the potential evolutionary and transmission features of H5N1 viruses, and benefit disease control and pandemic preparedness.Materials and Methods VirusesThe 15 HPAI H5N1 viruses used in this study were isolated from domestic poultry, including chickens, Muscovy ducks, and ducks on farms in Vietnam. Details of 24272870 these viruses are given in Table 1. Virus stocks were propagated and purified in the allantoi.Eptable and practical method of meta-analysis alternative for IPD. The third, the wild type KRAS population is a subgroup of ITT population, suggesting possible selection bias. In addition, the possible existence of some unpublished studies should be aware of, which could lead to potential publication bias. However, no indication of such bias was found by using statistical methods designed to detect it. In general, regarding these limitations mentioned above, we should interpret the results with adequate caution. In conclusion, this meta-analysis shows that the addition of cetuximab or panitumumab to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of mCRC in patients with wild type KRAS appears no improved efficacy in survival benefit. Much more prospective clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the combination of drugs.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: DX SZ. Analyzed the data: SZ QY YZ. Wrote the paper: SZ YH. Performed the search of data: YW ZJ. Performed the selection of data: SZ YH DX.AntiEGFR MAbs and Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Cancer
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have now spread through poultry populations in many countries. These viruses have also crossed species barriers to infect different hosts [1?]. HPAI H5N1 viruses have repeatedly shown their potential to be transmitted directly from birds to humans [5] and still pose a significant threat to human health. In retrospect, most patients infected by HPAI H5N1 viruses had direct or indirect exposure to sick or dead poultry (WHO [http://www.who.int]). Influenza A virus continuously mutates while circulating in nature and overcomes host immunity from previous infections, posing great challenges to disease control [6?1]. Vietnam is one of the highest frequencies of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks. HPAI H5N1 virus was first identified in Vietnam in 2001 [12], and outbreaks in poultry have been reported in more than 59 of the 64 Vietnamese provinces since December of 2003 (OIE, 2010). The first human infection in Vietnam was reported in 2004; by August of 2012, 123 cases and 61 deaths had been reported (WHO [http://www.who.int]). Nationwide vaccination programs and culling strategies have been performed to control the disease, which has greatly contributed to a reduction in outbreaks. But despite these great efforts to control the disease, HPAI H5N1 viruses continue to evolve and cause outbreaks in poultry and human infections in Vietnam.To better understand the molecular and biological properties of H5N1 avian influenza viruses, we selected 15 H5N1 strains isolated from poultry in Vietnam during 2006 and 2007 and sequenced their entire genomes. We performed phylogenetic analyses combining with the sequence data from the Vietnam influenza viruses and other representative viruses available in public databases, and then genotyped the viruses on the basis of their whole genomes. We also assessed the replication and pathogenicity of these viruses in mice. Understanding the molecular and biological features of avian H5N1 viruses will help reveal the potential evolutionary and transmission features of H5N1 viruses, and benefit disease control and pandemic preparedness.Materials and Methods VirusesThe 15 HPAI H5N1 viruses used in this study were isolated from domestic poultry, including chickens, Muscovy ducks, and ducks on farms in Vietnam. Details of 24272870 these viruses are given in Table 1. Virus stocks were propagated and purified in the allantoi.