Necologica Scandinavica, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 280?83, 1994. [22] Y. Hernlund and B. Shell-Duncan, “Transcultural positions: negotiating rights and culture,” in Transcultrual Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context, Y. Hernlund and B. ShellDuncan, Eds., pp. 1?3, Rutgers University Press, London, UK, 2007. [23] M. Foucault, The History of Sexuality, RG7800MedChemExpress RG7800 Penguin, London, UK, 1981. [24] C. M. Obermeyer, “The consequences of female circumcision for health and sexuality: an update on the evidence,” Culture, Health and Sexuality, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 443?61, 2005. [25] E. Vloeberghs, J. Knipscheer, A. van der Croak, Z. Naleie, and M. van den Muijsenbergh, Valied Pain, Pharos, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2010. [26] F. Ahmadu, “”Ain’t I a woman too?” Challenging myths of sexual dysfunction in circumcised women,” in Transcultural Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context, Y. Hernlund and B. Shell-Duncan, Eds., pp. 278?10, Rutgers University Press, London, UK, 2007. [27] J. Boddy, “Gender crusades: the famle circumcision controversy in cultural persepctive,” in Transcultural Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context, Y. Hernlund and B. Shell-Duncan, Eds., pp. 46?6, Rutgers University Press, London, UK, 2007. [28] M. Dustin, “Female genital mutilation/cutting in the UK: challenging the inconsistencies,” European Journal of Women’s Studies, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7?3, 2010. [29] S. Harris-Short, “International human rights law: imperialist, inept and ineffective? Cultural relativism and the UN Convention on the rights of the child,” Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 130?81, 2003. [30] B. Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK, 2006. [31] J. Lennahan, Do We Know Consent When We See It? Female Genital Mutilation and the Dilemmas of Consent, Western Political Science Association, Portland, Ore, USA, 2004. [32] D. L. DeLaet, “Framing male circumcision as a human rights issue? Contributions to the debate over the universality of
Vaccination is a critical tool for controlling influenza. When faced with a pandemic, swift deployment of vaccines is crucial to limiting spread of the disease before the virus acquires increased pathogenicity or antiviral resistance.1 On 11 June 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global ChaetocinMedChemExpress Chaetocin influenza pandemic caused by a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus.2 Efforts were made to ensure adequate supply of vaccines. Yet, lower-than-anticipated uptake of the vaccine was a notable problem, even among high risk groups.3-7 Studies exploring vaccine hesitancy and reasons for poor uptake that limit effectiveness of a pandemic response have been largely restricted to high-income settings.8-11 Despite acknowledged cross-cultural differences in publicresponse to pandemic influenza and need for country-specific studies,12,13 few have been conducted in lower income settings. A large burden of 2009 H1N1 influenza was borne by lowincome countries.14,15 India reported 39,977 cases and 2,113 deaths from H1N1 influenza between May 2009 and August 2010.16 These numbers, which refer to laboratory-confirmed cases, are likely underestimated. The city of Pune, which suffered high morbidity and mortality,17-19 is incidentally home to a large vaccine manufacturer, Serum Institute of India Ltd. Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV, injectable administration) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV, nasal administration) were available for public pu.Necologica Scandinavica, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 280?83, 1994. [22] Y. Hernlund and B. Shell-Duncan, “Transcultural positions: negotiating rights and culture,” in Transcultrual Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context, Y. Hernlund and B. ShellDuncan, Eds., pp. 1?3, Rutgers University Press, London, UK, 2007. [23] M. Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Penguin, London, UK, 1981. [24] C. M. Obermeyer, “The consequences of female circumcision for health and sexuality: an update on the evidence,” Culture, Health and Sexuality, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 443?61, 2005. [25] E. Vloeberghs, J. Knipscheer, A. van der Croak, Z. Naleie, and M. van den Muijsenbergh, Valied Pain, Pharos, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2010. [26] F. Ahmadu, “”Ain’t I a woman too?” Challenging myths of sexual dysfunction in circumcised women,” in Transcultural Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context, Y. Hernlund and B. Shell-Duncan, Eds., pp. 278?10, Rutgers University Press, London, UK, 2007. [27] J. Boddy, “Gender crusades: the famle circumcision controversy in cultural persepctive,” in Transcultural Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context, Y. Hernlund and B. Shell-Duncan, Eds., pp. 46?6, Rutgers University Press, London, UK, 2007. [28] M. Dustin, “Female genital mutilation/cutting in the UK: challenging the inconsistencies,” European Journal of Women’s Studies, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7?3, 2010. [29] S. Harris-Short, “International human rights law: imperialist, inept and ineffective? Cultural relativism and the UN Convention on the rights of the child,” Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 130?81, 2003. [30] B. Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK, 2006. [31] J. Lennahan, Do We Know Consent When We See It? Female Genital Mutilation and the Dilemmas of Consent, Western Political Science Association, Portland, Ore, USA, 2004. [32] D. L. DeLaet, “Framing male circumcision as a human rights issue? Contributions to the debate over the universality of
Vaccination is a critical tool for controlling influenza. When faced with a pandemic, swift deployment of vaccines is crucial to limiting spread of the disease before the virus acquires increased pathogenicity or antiviral resistance.1 On 11 June 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global influenza pandemic caused by a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus.2 Efforts were made to ensure adequate supply of vaccines. Yet, lower-than-anticipated uptake of the vaccine was a notable problem, even among high risk groups.3-7 Studies exploring vaccine hesitancy and reasons for poor uptake that limit effectiveness of a pandemic response have been largely restricted to high-income settings.8-11 Despite acknowledged cross-cultural differences in publicresponse to pandemic influenza and need for country-specific studies,12,13 few have been conducted in lower income settings. A large burden of 2009 H1N1 influenza was borne by lowincome countries.14,15 India reported 39,977 cases and 2,113 deaths from H1N1 influenza between May 2009 and August 2010.16 These numbers, which refer to laboratory-confirmed cases, are likely underestimated. The city of Pune, which suffered high morbidity and mortality,17-19 is incidentally home to a large vaccine manufacturer, Serum Institute of India Ltd. Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV, injectable administration) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV, nasal administration) were available for public pu.