Cies. It is also not known, as an example, whether the latency dispersion derives from diverse microvilli having diverse characteristic latencies or no matter whether a provided microvillus would produce quantum bumps with variable latencies to successive photons. Interestingly, the bump amplitude, which also shows stochastic variations, seems to become much extra reproducible than the bump intervals in trains of bumps recorded immediately after activation of a single rhodopsin within a single microvillus (Scott and Zuker, 1998).We thank Doekele Stavenga and Hugh Robinson for essential reading on the manuscript and Gonzalo L-Azidonorleucine MedChemExpress Garcia de Polavieja for discussions. Specific thanks to Mick Swann and Chris Askham for taking portion in designing and creating up the new set-up. This function was supported by grants from the Royal Society, Wellcome Trust, Academy of Finland, and Oskar flund Foun-dation (to M. Juusola), along with the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (to R.C. Hardie). Submitted: 10 August 2000 Revised: 14 November 2000 Accepted: 16 NovemberR E F E R E N C E SAcharya, J.K., K. Jalink, R.W. Hardy, V. Hartenstein, and C.S. Zuker. 1997. InsP(three) receptor is essential for development and differentiation but not for vision in Drosophila. Neuron. 18:88187 Anderson, J., and S.B. Laughlin. 2000. Photoreceptor overall performance as well as the co-ordination of achromatic and chromatic inputs inside the fly visual program. Vision Res. 40:131. Bendat, J.S., plus a.G. Piersol. 1971. Random information: evaluation and measurement procedures. John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York. 566 pp. Bracewell, R.N. 2000. The Fourier transform and its applications. McGraw-Hill, New York. 616 pp. Chevesich, J., A. Kreuz, and C. Montell. 1997. Requirement for the PDZ domain protein, INAD, for localization of your TRP store operated channel to a signaling complicated. Neuron. 18:9505. Chyb, S., P. Raghu, and R.C. Hardie. 1999. Polyunsaturated fatty acids activate the Drosophila light-sensitive channels TRP and TRPL. Nature. 397:25559. Cook, B., and B. Minke. 1999. TRP and calcium stores in Drosophila phototransduction. Cell Calcium. 25:16171. de Ruyter van Steveninck, R.R., and S.B. Laughlin. 1996a. The rate of info transfer in graded-potential neurons and chemical synapses. Nature. 379:64245. de Ruyter van Steveninck, R.R., and S.B. Laughlin. 1996b. Light adaptation and reliability in blowfly photoreceptors. Int. J. Neural Sys. 7:43744. Dodge, F.A., B.W. Knight, and J. Toyoda. 1968. Voltage noise in Limulus visual cells. Science. 160:880. Franceschini, N., and K. Kirschfeld. 1976. Le contr e automatique du flux lumineux dans l’oeil composdes Dipt es. Biol. Cybernetics. 21:18103. French, A.S. 1980. Nicarbazin Cancer Phototransduction within the fly compound eye exhibits temporal resonances as well as a pure time delay. Nature. 283: 20002. Haag, J., and also a. Borst. 1997. Encoding of visual motion info and reliability in spiking and graded potential neurons. J. Neurosci. 17:4809819. Hamdorf, K. 1979. The physiology of invertebrate visual pigments. In Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Vol. VII6A. H. Autrum, editor. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 14524. Hamdorf, K., and K. Kirschfeld. 1980. “Prebumps”: evidence for double hits at functional subunits inside a rhabdomeric photoreceptor. Z. Naturforsch. 35:17374. Hardie, R.C. 1985. Functional organisation in the fly retina. Progr. Sens. Physiol. 5: 19. Hardie, R.C. 1991a. Entire cell recordings with the light induced current in dissociated Drosophila photoreceptors: evidence for feedback by calcium permeating the light.