And iron oxide. The photodegradation procedure can take location by direct reaction of hydroxyl radical with the Bomedemstat Epigenetics adsorbed ibuprofen on the surface of photocatalysts (Equations (6)9)). This approach occurs faster on account of efficient charge transfer from Fe2 O3 surface towards the adsorbed substrate. In photocatalytic degradation with out prior adsorption, the photogenerated electron and hole formed mobile OHradical inside the answer by means of superoxide radicals intermediate (Equations (ten)13)) [52]. The OHradical diffuse to oxidize ibuprofen to presumably CO2 and H2 O (Equation (15)). There is a possibility of OHradical to recombine and released heat. Adsorption of ibuprofen C3 H18 O2 C3 H18 O2 (a) Electron excitation -Fe2 O3 -Fe2 O3 (e- h) (6)(7)Electron trapping by surface hydroxyl group e- OH(a) OH(a) Direct decomposition of adsorbed ibuprofen C3 H18 O2 (a) OH(a) CO2 H2 O Electron trapping by dissolved oxygen to type superoxide radicals e- O2 O2 Water dissociation H2 O H OH- (10) (9) (8)(11)Generation of hydroxyl radical O2 H H2 O H2 O2 O2 H2 O2 2OHHole trapping Ibuprofen degradation OH C3 H18 O2 CO2 and H2 O four. Conclusions Iron oxide (Fe2 O3 -G) with uniform hexagonal flake morphology has been effectively synthesized making use of a combination of gelatin as a natural template and F127 as a synthetic template via sol el system. SEM evaluation showed the formation of uniform hexagonal flake-like structure that was stable soon after calcination at 500 C. The transition from hexagonal to cubic structure was observed after calcination at 700 C. Gelatin as naturally formed polymer showed a possible as structure directing agent for the formation of a highly stable iron oxide with uniform structures. The adsorption capacity of Fe2 O3 -G as adsorbent for ibuprofen was determined at 55 mg/g when working with the hexagonal flake-like iron oxide. Though the calcination at 700 C created a high purity iron oxide, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency had been substantially reduced resulting from the formation of low surface location cubic crystallites. The efficiency of the adsorption was strongly dependent upon the surface location of iron oxide. The combination of photocatalytic degradation and (15) OH- h OH(12) (13) (14)Supplies 2021, 14,15 ofadsorption for the removal of ibuprofen employing iron oxide resulted inside the raise of removal efficiency to 80 under UV light irradiation.Supplementary Supplies: The following are accessible on the net at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/ma14226779/s1, Table S1: Crystallinity of the intensity ratio at 431 and 577 cm-1 . Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.U. and H.B.; methodology, M.U.; computer software, M.U. and R.E.N.; formal evaluation, M.U. and H.B.; investigation, M.U.; resources, D.P.; data Thromboxane B2 Autophagy curation, M.U., R.E.N. and D.P.; writing–original draft preparation, M.U.; writing–review and editing, M.U. and H.B.; visualization, M.U.; supervision, M.U. and H.B.; project administration, M.U.; funding acquisition, M.U. All authors have read and agreed for the published version with the manuscript. Funding: Ministry of Analysis, Technologies and Larger Education Indonesia in Fundamental study scheme below contract number 221.1/UN27.22/HK 07.00/2021 for Maria Ulfa from Sebelas Maret University. Institutional Assessment Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The information presented within this study are readily available on request in the corresponding author. Acknowledgments: The authors.