Ori di Resistenza a Patogeni Vascolari negli Agrumi’ (S.I.R.P.A., http://www.progettosirpa.it/home, accessed on 15 May perhaps 2021), Project `Fruit Crops Resilience to Climate Modify inside the Mediterranean Basin’ (FREECLIMB, https: //primafreeclimb.com/, accessed on 15 May well 2021) and Project `Valutazione di genotipi di agrumi per l’individuazione di fonti di resistenza a FP Inhibitor Formulation stress biotici e abiotici’ (Linea 2 del Piano della Ricerca di Ateneo 2020, University of Catania). The APC was funded by Fondi di Ateneo 2020-2022, University of Catania, linea Open Access. Institutional Evaluation Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.Plants 2021, 10,13 ofData Availability Statement: All information are contained inside the report. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
International Journal ofMolecular SciencesArticleIdentification in the Genetic Basis of Response to de-Acclimation in Winter BarleyMagdalena W cik-Jagla 1, , Agata Daszkowska-Golec 2 , Anna Fiust 1 , Przemyslaw Kope3 c and Marcin RapaczDepartment of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krak , Podluzna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (M.R.) Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; [email protected] The Franciszek G ski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-1242-533-Citation: W cik-Jagla, M.; Daszkowska-Golec, A.; Fiust, A.; Kope, P.; Rapacz, M. Identification of c the Genetic Basis of Response to de-Acclimation in Winter Barley. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031057 Received: 23 December 2020 Accepted: 19 January 2021 Published: 21 JanuaryAbstract: Mechanisms involved within the de-acclimation of herbaceous plants caused by warm periods during winter are poorly understood. This study identifies the genes related with this mechanism in winter barley. Seedlings of eight accessions (4 tolerant and 4 susceptible to de-acclimation cultivars and advanced breeding lines) have been cold acclimated for 3 weeks and de-acclimated at 12 C/5 C (day/night) for one week. We performed differential expression evaluation employing RNA sequencing. In addition, reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme activity analyses have been utilized to investigate alterations inside the expression of selected genes. The amount of transcripts with accumulation level changed in opposite directions during acclimation and deacclimation was much reduce than the number of transcripts with level changed exclusively through one of these processes. The de-acclimation-susceptible accessions showed adjustments within the expression of a greater variety of functionally diverse genes during de-acclimation. Transcripts related with pressure response, specifically oxidoreductases, have been the most abundant in this group. The outcomes give novel evidence for the distinct molecular regulation of cold acclimation and de-acclimation. Upregulation of genes controlling developmental adjustments, standard for spring de-acclimation, was not observed through mid-winter de-acclimation. Mid-winter de-acclimation ETB Activator manufacturer appears to be perceived as an opportunity to regenerate right after anxiety. Regrettably, it is competitive to remain in the coldacclimated.