efore, the snail shell ash can play an essential role in removing heavy metals from aqueous media. Moisture within a sample is an indication of how long that sample can be stored. The percentage of moisture attained was quite low for all meat samples and was four.88.1 . This implies that dried snail meat, when properly packaged, could be kept to get a considerable period. The power values obtained were high for each of the meat samples and they did not differ substantially from each and every other. The higher power worth suggests that snail meat can supply substantial calories in human nutrition. Engmann et al. (2013) reported an power worth of 1613 KJ/100 g for a. achatina meat. The studies showed that each of the minerals analysed were identified within the meat of the three snail D2 Receptor Inhibitor review species in diverse amounts, whereas few were not detectable in the shell samples. Normally, meats are low in Ca content material (from 9 to 11 mg/100g) although the physique quickly absorbs it (Muller 1988). This isn’t the case with snail flesh, since the benefits revealed that calcium was essentially the most plentiful mineral in all of the snail species studied. Ca content, the main element, was within the variety of 402.29 five.18 to 701.79 4.32 mg/100 g. The P, K, Mg and Na contents had been within the variety of 61.29 11.34 to 268.53 5.34, 111.02 0.three to 114.65 0.44, 301.2 0.33 to 308.7 0.42 and 67.64 0.19 to 58.09 0.12 mg/100 g, respectively, within the snail meat. Mn content ofFigure 2. The distribution pattern of proximate and nutrient elements inside the (a) meat and (b) shell of A. achatina, A. marginata plus a. fulica species by using PCA.M.A. Nkansah et al.Heliyon 7 (2021) eTable 5. Estimated daily intakes and hazard analysis of trace elements in the intake of edible land snails.Snail species EDI Zn A. marginata A. achatina A. fulica Hazard index 2.06E-06 1.54E-06 1.42E-06 Fe 1.54E-06 1.41E-06 6.51E-06 Mn 1.78E-07 4.16E-08 three.15E-07 Cu two.4E-07 1.78E-07 9.36E-07 THQ Zn 6.85E-06 5.12E-06 4.73E-06 Fe two.21E-06 2.01E-06 9.3E-06 Mn 1.27E-05 2.97E-06 two.25E-05 Cu five.99E-06 4.46E-06 two.34E-06 2.78E-05 1.46E-05 3.89E-05 8.12E-05 TTHQA. achatina, A. marginata along with a. fulica meat was much less than 2 mg/100 g. The Zn and Fe contents in this study have been larger compared with H. pomatia (1.35 and 1.71 mg/100 g, respectively). The IL-12 Inhibitor list greater content material of Ca compared together with the minerals was comparable with other studies. Ademolu et al. (2004) located that A. fulica had a greater content material of Ca (780 mg/100 g) and Ozogul et al. (2005) also observed a higher content of Ca (750 mg/100 g) in H. pomatia from Cukurova region, Turkey. Moreover, Engmann et al. (2013) obtained 585.8 mg/100g of Ca in dried A. achatina (meat), whiles Watson (1971) also reported values of 65000 mg/100g which had been all consistent with all the values obtained in this study. The elevated Ca level within the snail flesh could be attributed for the salt remedy from the snails, which is typically applied to take away the shells from the snails (Ozogul et al., 2005). The mineral contents of snail meat is usually influenced by many components, such as biological cycle, season, species, atmosphere and nutrient availability (Ozogul et al., 2005). Compared with other animal solutions, such as milk, eggs, liver and beef, whose calcium content material is 120, 54, 6 and 7 mg/100 g, respectively, confirmed the richness of Ca in snail meat (Fox and Cameron 1977). Therefore, it really is extremely advised that infants be fed on diets blended with powdered snail meat since the development of bones and teeth during infancy and childhood demands a higher quantity of c